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21
2025
-
04
There are several methods for tunnel construction.
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Tunnel construction methods can be categorized as follows:
Open-cut tunneling: This involves excavating a pit on the ground surface before constructing the tunnel structure. This method is suitable for areas with favorable geological conditions, offering a relatively simple construction process but requiring a large construction space.
Cut-and-cover tunneling: This method involves underground excavation using drilling and blasting to remove rock and soil, followed by necessary support and lining after excavation. This approach is suitable for tunnel projects in urban centers or areas with complex geological conditions.
Immersed tube tunneling: This involves sinking prefabricated tunnel sections into their designed positions and connecting them to form a whole. This method is suitable for underwater or undersea tunnels and offers advantages such as fast construction speed and minimal environmental impact.
Shield tunneling: This utilizes a tunnel boring machine (TBM) for underground excavation and support, suitable for soft soil layers and complex geological conditions. The TBM creates temporary support during excavation to ensure construction safety.
Tunnel boring machine (TBM) method: This method uses a specialized TBM to excavate rock and soil underground, removing excavated material while simultaneously supporting the newly formed tunnel. This is suitable for long-distance, large-diameter hard rock tunnels, offering advantages of high efficiency, safety, and minimal environmental impact.
Mining method: This involves excavating underground tunnels to construct the tunnel, suitable for hard rock formations and areas with favorable geological conditions. This method utilizes the self-supporting capacity of the surrounding rock, reducing the need for support and is suitable for economic and technological optimization.
Each construction method has its applicable conditions and advantages and disadvantages. Selecting a suitable method requires comprehensive consideration of factors such as specific geological conditions, construction environment, and economic factors.
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